This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License. This copyright applies to the Weighted Interests Vocabulary Specification
and accompanying documentation in RDF.
Regarding underlying technology, the Weighted Interests Vocabulary uses W3C's RDF technology, an
open Web standard that can be freely used by anyone.
The Weighted Interests Vocabulary specification provides basic concepts and properties for describing describing preferences (interests) within contexts, their temporal dynamics and their origin on/ for the Semantic Web. This document contains a RDFa description of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary and some additional information and examples.
The Weighted Interests Vocabulary is with the release of version 0.4 now an union of the Weighted Interest Vocabulary
, the E-foaf:interest Vocabulary and the
Interest Mining Ontology. That means, all interest related ontologies are now merged under one hood and some concepts are proper modeled now.
The design of this interest ontology is also strongly influenced by the outcome of the User (weighted) Interests Ontology working group from Hypios VoCamp Paris 2010.
The template of this specification is derived from the FOAF Vocabulary Specification, which was created by Dan Brickley and Libby Miller, and the Music Ontology
Specification, which was created by Yves Raimond. It was modified and extended by Bob Ferris. Furthermore, a modified and extended
version of Danbri's SpecGen version was used to generate most of the RDFa statements of the Weighted Interests
Vocabulary for this specification (see here for SpecGen version 6 by Bob Ferris).
This document is created by combining the RDFS/OWL machine-readable Weighted Interests Vocabulary with a human-readable HTML representation that includes RDFa annotations. Future versions may incorporate multilingual translations of term definitions. The RDF/XML version of the specification is also available directly from the namespace URI. RDF/N3 representations could be access via the links above.
The authors welcome comments on this document, preferably via the author's email addresses.
The wi:WeightedInterest concept as graph with relations:
The wi:InterestDynamics concept as graph with relations:
An a-z index of Weighted Interests Vocabulary terms, by class (categories or types), by property and by individual.
Classes: | InterestDynamics | WeightedInterest |
Properties: | agent | appear_time | attention_duration | evidence | interest_dynamics | longest_duration | not_interested_in | overall_weight | preference | statistical_item | topic | ultimative_duration |
Individuals: | ExplicitMining | ImplicitMining |
This example is orginally taken from the first draft of the Weighted Interest Vocabulary and was tranformed to be conform with the current version of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary.
RDF/Turtle representation of a preferences example with interest dynamics modelling created with the Weighted Interests Vocabulary (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix wi: <http://purl.org/ontology/wi/core#> . @prefix wi: <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> . @prefix days: <http://ontologi.es/days#> . @prefix tl: <http://perl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix ex: <http://example.org/> . @prefix event: <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#> . @prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> . <http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/people/libby/rdfweb/webwho.xrdf#me> a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Libby Miller" ; wi:preference [ a wi:WeightedInterest ; wi:topic <http://www.bbc.co.uk/5live#service> ; wo:weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 3.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ] ; wi:interest_dynamics ex:Working ] ; wi:preference [ a wi:WeightedInterest ; wi:topic <http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4#service> ; wi:overall_weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 7.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ] ; wo:weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_scale 5.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ] ; wi:interest_dynamics ex:Working ] . ex:AScale a wo:Scale ; wo:min_weight 0.0 ; wo:max_weight 9.0 ; wo:step_size 1.0 . ex:Working a wi:InterestDynamics ; wi:appear_time [ a days:WeekdayInterval ; tl:at "08:00:00"^^xsd:time ; tl:end "19:00:00"^^xsd:time ] ; wo:weight_value 9.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ; event:place ex:MyWorkingPlace . ex:MyWorkingPlace a geo:Point .
This example shows a part of a preference model of a person (here Libby Miller). It consists of two preferences, each is modeled as a wi:WeightedInterest instance, which are related to the person by using the property wi:preference. An interest itself consists here at least of a topic (wi:topic), a weight (
wo:weight) and an interest dynamics description (wi:interest_dynamics) relation.
Furthermore, in addition to the standard weight relation (wo:weight), which should reflect the current interest in a
topic, the overall interest in a topic, can be related by using the property (wi:overall_weight) with a
wi:WeightedInterest instance as subject.
The topics of the weights are both a BBC radio program. Every weight is modeled as a wo:Weight instance, which consists here of the weight value (wo:weight_value) and a link to a scale description (wo:Scale). A wo:Scale instance
describes the range (wo:min_weight and wo:max_weight) for the groups of weights, which are linked to it, and furthermore, the step size (wo:step_size), which is possible in this range.
wi:WeightedInterest instances can have different interest dynamics (wi:InterestDynamics) relations. These are specific events (event:Event), which model
temporal interest statistics. Besides the already known time period (days:WeekdayInterval), which is related
by the property wi:appear_time, a temporal weight (related by wo:weight_value, because wi:InterestDynamics is a sub class of wo:Weight) can describe the temporal interest in a topic to a context, which is here
additionally described by a spatial relation (event:place).
To sum up the example, the person Libby Miller prefers radio 4 over radio 5 when he is working at his working place (which is every weekday between 8am and 7pm).
This example is orginally taken from the first draft of the Weighted Interest Vocabulary and was tranformed to be conform with the current version of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary.
RDF/Turtle representation of a not-interest-in example created with the Weighted Interests Vocabulary (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix wi: <http://purl.org/ontology/wi/core#> . <http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/people/libby/rdfweb/webwho.xrdf#me> a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Libby Miller"; wi:not_interested_in <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_X_Factor_(UK)> .
This examples shows,
This example is orginally taken from the E-foaf:interest Vocabulary Specification 0.2 and was tranformed to be conform with the current version of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary.
RDF/Turtle representation of a scientific research interests created with the Weighted Interests Vocabulary (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix tl: <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix wi: <http://purl.org/ontology/wi/> . @prefix wo: <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/> . @prefix ex: <http://example.org/> . @prefix time: <http://www.w3.org/2006/time#> . ex:ASpecificContext a wi:InterestDynamics ; dcterms:subject <http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/conf/cikm/AlonsoGB09> ; wi:appear_time [ a time:UTInstant ; time:inXSDDateTime "2009-11-15T05:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] . <http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/b/Baeza=Yates:Ricardo_A=.html> a foaf:Person ; foaf:topic_interest <http://www.wici-lab.org/wici/wiki/index.php/Web> ; wi:preference ex:WebInterest ; foaf:name "Ricardo Baeza-Yates" . ex:WebInterest a wi:WeightedInterest ; wi:topic <http://www.wici-lab.org/wici/wiki/index.php/Web> ; wi:overall_weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 65.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ; dcterms:modified "2009-12-22T23:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wo:interest_dynamics ex:ASpecificContext ; wi:ultimative_duration [ a tl:UTInterval ; tl:duration "P10Y"^^xsd:duration ; dcterms:modified "2010-01-10T03:15:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wi:longest_duration [ a tl:UTInterval ; tl:duration "P9Y"^^xsd:duration ; dcterms:modified "2010-01-17T05:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wo:weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 7.81 ; wo:scale ex:AnotherScale ; dcterms:modified "2010-01-17T13:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] . ex:AScale a wo:Scale ; wo:min_weight 0.0 ; wo:max_weight 100 ; wo:step_size 5.0 . ex:AnotherScale a wo:Scale ; wo:min_weight 0.0 ; wo:max_weight 10.0 ; wo:step_size 0.01 .
This examples shows,
RDF/Turtle representation of a music preferences example created with the Weighted Interests Vocabulary (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix wi: <http://purl.org/ontology/wi/core#> . @prefix wo: <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> . @prefix days: <http://ontologi.es/days#> . @prefix tl: <http://perl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix ex: <http://example.org/> . @prefix event: <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . <http://foaf.me/zazi#me> a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Bob Ferris" ; wi:preference [ a wi:WeightedInterest ; wi:topic <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/artist/20ff3303-4fe2-4a47-a1b6-291e26aa3438> ; wo:weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 3.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ] ; wi:appear_time [ dc:title "working time" ; a days:WeekdayInterval ; tl:at "08:00:00"^^xsd:time ; tl:end "19:00:00"^^xsd:time ; dcterms:modified "2009-12-14T10:01:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; ] ; wi:preference [ a wi:WeightedInterest ; wi:topic <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/artist/470a4ced-1323-4c91-8fd5-0bb3fb4c932a> ; wo:weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 7.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ; dcterms:modified "2010-06-18T09:34:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wi:overall_weight [ a wo:Weight ; wo:weight_value 5.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ; dcterms:modified "2010-07-02T22:20:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wi:appear_time [ dc:title "party time" ; a days:FridayInterval ; tl:at "23:00:00"^^xsd:time ; dcterms:modified "2010-03-21T18:40:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wi:interest_dynamics ex:TechnoParty ; wi:interest_dynamics ex:BigFan ; wi:ultimative_duration [ a tl:UTInterval ; tl:duration "P13Y"^^xsd:duration ; dcterms:modified "2010-08-14T17:25:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wi:longest_duration [ a tl:UTInterval ; tl:duration "P5Y"^^xsd:duration ; tl:at "2001-02-02T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; tl:end "2005-10-21T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; dcterms:modified "2010-08-14T17:25:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; ] ; wi:not_interested_in <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Schlager> ; wi:not_interested_in <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:German_folk_music> . ex:AScale a wo:Scale ; wo:min_weight 0.0 ; wo:max_weight 9.0 ; wo:step_size 1.0 . ex:TechnoParty a wi:InterestDynamics ; wi:appear_time [ a tl:UTInterval ; tl:at "2010-04-03T23:30:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; tl:end "2010-04-04T05:30:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wo:weight_value 9.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale ; event:place <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tresor> ; dcterms:subject <http://www.residentadvisor.net/event.aspx?151690> . ex:BigFan a wi:InterestDynamics ; wi:appear_time [ a tl:UTInterval ; tl:at "2001-02-02T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; tl:end "2005-10-21T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] ; wo:weight_value 9.0 ; wo:scale ex:AScale .
The Weighted Interests Vocabulary
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This specification serves as the Weighted Interests Vocabulary "namespace document". As such it describes the Weighted Interests Vocabulary and the terms (RDF classes and properties) that constitute it, so that Semantic Web applications can use those terms in a variety of RDF-compatible document formats and applications.
This document presents the Weighted Interests Vocabulary as a Semantic Web vocabulary or Ontology. The Weighted Interests Vocabulary is pretty simple, pragmatic and designed to allow simultaneous deployment and extension. The Weighted Interests Vocabulary is intended for widescale use, but its authors make no commitments regarding its suitability for any particular purpose.
The Weighted Interests Vocabulary is identified by the namespace URI
'http://purl.org/ontology/wi/core#
'. Revisions and
extensions of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary are conducted through edits to this document,
which by convention is accessible in the Web via the namespace URI.
For practical and deployment reasons, note that we do not
update the namespace URI as the vocabulary matures.
The evolution of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary is best considered in terms of the stability of individual vocabulary terms, rather than the specification as a whole. As terms stabilise in usage and documentation, they progress through the categories 'unstable', 'testing' and 'stable'. Older terms are marked 'archaic' which allows the possibility of older forms to become modern again.
The Weighted Interests Vocabulary introduces the following classes, properties and individuals. There is a link at the top of this document to the RDF/XML and RDF/N3 versions.
Classes: | InterestDynamics | WeightedInterest |
Properties: | agent | appear_time | attention_duration | evidence | interest_dynamics | longest_duration | not_interested_in | overall_weight | preference | statistical_item | topic | ultimative_duration |
Individuals: | ExplicitMining | ImplicitMining |
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Used with: | interest_dynamics | |
Sub class of | wo:Weight | |
OWL Class | ||
RDFS Class |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | unstable | |
---|---|---|
Properties include: | agent statistical_item interest_dynamics overall_weight topic attention_duration | |
Used with: | preference | |
Sub class of | scovo:Item | |
OWL Class | ||
RDFS Class |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | Weighted Interest | |
Range: | foaf:Agent | |
Inverse property of | has preference | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | wi:WeightedInterest or wi:InterestDynamics | |
Sub property of | event:time | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | Weighted Interest | |
Range: | time:Interval | |
Sub property of | event:time | |
Has sub property | has longest duration ultimative duration | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | Weighted Interest | |
Range: | Interest Dynamics | |
Sub property of | event:sub_event | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Sub property of | has attention duration | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | Weighted Interest | |
Sub property of | wo:weight | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property | ||
Functional Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | Weighted Interest | |
Range: | scovo:Item | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing | |
---|---|---|
Sub property of | has attention duration | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | unstable | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | wi:WeightedInterest or wi:InterestDynamics | |
Sub property of | event:factor | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | unstable | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | foaf:Agent | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | unstable | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | foaf:Agent | |
Range: | Weighted Interest | |
Has inverse property | has agent | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | unstable | |
---|---|---|
Domain: | Weighted Interest | |
Sub property of | dcterms:subject | |
RDF Property | ||
Object Property |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing |
---|---|
Type: | scovo:Dimension |
[#] [back to top]
Status: | testing |
---|---|
Type: | scovo:Dimension |
[#] [back to top]
The description of the terms in the Weighted Interests Vocabulary 'dictionary' make reference to classes and properties elsewhere. This section of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary
specification provides a placeholder reference for any Weighted Interests Vocabulary mention of externally defined terms. For example, sometimes we might say that Counter
Ontology property has a domain or range of an externally defined class, or that a Weighted Interests Vocabulary class is a sub-class of an external class, or 'disjoint with'
such a class (ie. has no common members). Such claims help fix the intended meaning of Weighted Interests Vocabulary terms in relationship to other 'peer' vocabularies.
Currently, the Weighted Interests Vocabulary sub classes:
Each term in the Weighted Interests Vocabulary is annotated with properties from the SemWeb Vocab Status Ontology
Note that this mechanism is itself somewhat experimental and evolvin. The definitions of 'stable', 'unstable', 'archaic' and 'testing' cannot be defined as global absolutes, but only in relationship to the practices, expectations and social structures around some vocabulary. For their use in the Weighted Interests Vocabulary, future versions of this specification could usefully offer more detail about what to expect from a term labelled 'stable'.
I would like to thank very much the creators of the different interest ontologies, where this multiple purpose interest ontology is based on. That means, Dan Brickley, Dave Reynolds, Libby Miller, Toby Inkster, Yi Zeng, Yan Wang, Danica Damljanovic, Zhisheng Huang, Alexandre Passant, Sheila Kinsella and John Breslin.
============================ Version 0.5 (September 2010) ============================ * REMOVED: wi:Weight - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology and opened the rdfs:domain to owl:Thing * REMOVED: wi:Scale - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:weight - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:scale - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:weight_value - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:min_weight - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:max_weight - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:step_size - outsourced to the Weighting Ontology * REMOVED: wi:temporal_weight - wi:InterestDynamics is now a sub class of wo:Weight, so weightings can now relate directly via wo:weight_value * REMOVED: wi:context - wi:WeightedInterest is now a sub class of scovo:Item and hence also an event:Event, further environmental context associations can be done via ao:context and its sub properties * REMOVED: wi:temporal_context - wi:InterestDynamics is now a sub class of wo:Weight and hence also an event:Event, further environmental context associations can be done via ao:context and its sub properties * REMOVED: wi:Context - wi:WeightedInterest is now a sub class of scovo:Item and hence also an event:Event, further environmental context associations can be done via ao:context and its sub properties * REMOVED: wi:device - this property is now available in a more generic form in the Association Ontology (ao:device or ao:used_device for events) * REMOVED: wi:location - this property is now available in a more generic form in the Association Ontology (ao:location or event:place for events) * REMOVED: wi:time_period - please use wi:appear_time instead * REMOVED: wi:ComplexInterest - wi:WeightedInterest is enough and can now also be used for interest dynamics descriptions * MODIFIED: wi:appear_time - removed rdfs:range of time:Interval to enable also time instants * MODIFIED: wi:evidence - as sub property of event:factor with a domain of wi:WeightedInterest or wi:InterestDynamics * MODIFIED: wi:appear_time - now with a domain of wi:WeightedInterest or wi:InterestDynamics ========================= Version 0.4 (August 2010) ========================= * MODIFIED: added rev:minRating as super property to wi:min_weight * MODIFIED: added rev:maxRating as super property to wi:max_weight * MODIFIED: reduced the domain of wi:scale to wi:Weight * ADDED: wi:agent - as inverse property of wi:preference - inspired by imo:person * ADDED: OWL property chain axiom on foaf:topic_interest - wi:topic and wi:preference - inspired by IMO (Interest Mining Ontology) * MODIFIED: wi:Weight as sub class of scovo:Item * MODIFIED: wi:Scale as sub class of scovo:Dimension * MODIFIED: wi:min_weight as sub property of scovo:min * MODIFIED: wi:max_weight as sub property of scovo:max * MODIFIED: wi:scale as sub property of scovo:dimension * ADDED: wi:statistical_item - link from an interest to statistics about itself - inspired by imo:statItem * ADDED: wi:ImplicitMining - inspired by imo:ImplicitMining * ADDED: wi:ExplicitMining - inspired by imo:ExplicitMining * ADDED: wi:weight_value - to specify the range of wi:Weight as xsd:decimal ========================= Version 0.3 (August 2010) ========================= * ADDED: wi:InterestDynamics - an event concept for describing dynamics of interests, e.g. weight changes, periods of interest * ADDED: wi:interest_dynamics - to relate a complex interest to its temporal dynamics * ADDED: wi:attention_duration - as super property for wi:longest_duration and wi:ultimative_duration * ADDED: wi:longest_duration - inspired by efoaf:interest_longest_duration / efoaf:lasting_time_interval * ADDED: wi:ultimative_duration - inspired by efoaf:interest_cumulative_duration / appear_time_interval * ADDED: wi:appear_time - inspired by efoaf:interest_appear_time * ADDED: wi:temporal_weight - to express temporal weights of an interest * ADDED: wi:overall_weight - inspired by efoaf:cumulative_interest_value * ADDED: wi:Weight - to enable timestamped weights :\ * MODIFIED: removed range restriction from wi:context * ADDED: wi:temporal_context - as sub property of wi:context and event:factor * MODIFIED: change range of wi:weight to wi:Weight ========================= Version 0.2 (August 2010) ========================= * REMOVED: wi:DocumentsAndConcepts * REMOVED: wi:TimeIntervalsAndInstants * MODIFIED: changed range of wi:timePeriod to time:TemporalEntity * MODIFIED: renamed wi:timePeriod to wi:time_period * MODFIED: removed super property foaf:interest from wi:timePeriod and wi:topic * MODIFIED: renamed wi:notInterestedIn to wi:not_interested_in * MODIFIED: renamed wi:hasContext to wi:context * MODIFIED: changed range of wi:device to owl:Thing * MODIFIED: changed range from wi:weight to xsd:decimal * MODIFIED: added owl:Thing as super class of wi:Context and wi:WeightedInterest * ADDED: wi:Scale - a concept for describing weighting scales * ADDED wi:max_weight - a maximum weight of a scale * ADDED: wi:min_weight - a minimum weight of a scale * ADDED: wi:step_size - a predefined step size for weight of a specific scale * MODIFIED: wi:scale - changed range to wi:Scale * MODIFIED: added dcterms:subject as super class of wi:topic * ADDED: wi:ComplexInterest as hook for dynamic interests