The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology 0.2

Status of This Document

The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology is built on top of the Weighted Interests Vocabulary v0.5 and should probably substitute this ontology in the near future. That means all concepts and properties are imported from this ontology. Some of them are also redefined and renamed to broaden their meaning. Furthermore, the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology is inspired by the Unified User Context Model, the General User Model Ontology, the User Modelling for Information Retrieval Language and all their fundamental sources, and finally, the discussions on the FOAF developers mailing list.
The Weighted Interests Vocabulary v0.5 is an union of the Weighted Interest Vocabulary, the E-foaf:interest Vocabulary and the Interest Mining Ontology. That means, all interest related ontologies are now merged under one hood and some concepts are proper modeled now. The design of this interest ontology is also strongly influenced by the outcome of the User (weighted) Interests Ontology working group from Hypios VoCamp Paris 2010.
The template of this specification is derived from the FOAF Vocabulary Specification, which was created by Dan Brickley and Libby Miller, and the Music Ontology Specification, which was created by Yves Raimond. It was modified and extended by Bob Ferris. Furthermore, a modified and extended version of Danbri's SpecGen version was used to generate most of the RDFa statements of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology for this specification (see here for SpecGen version 6 by Bob Ferris).

This document is created by combining the RDFS/OWL machine-readable Cognitive Characteristics Ontology with a human-readable HTML representation that includes RDFa annotations. Future versions may incorporate multilingual translations of term definitions. The RDF/XML version of the specification is also available directly from the namespace URI. RDF/N3 representations could be access via the links above.

The authors welcome comments on this document, preferably via the author's email addresses.

Table of Contents

• The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology at a glance
• Examples
• Introduction
• What's the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology for?
• Background
• The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology and Standards
• Evolution and Extension of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology
• The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology cross-reference: Listing the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology Classes, Properties and Individuals
• External Vocabulary References
• Acknowledgments
• Recent Changes

The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology at a glance

The cco:cognitive_characteristic property as graph with relations:

The cco:CognitiveCharacteristic concept as simplified graph with relations:

The cco:CognitiveCharacteristic concept as graph with relations:

An a-z index of Cognitive Characteristics Ontology terms, by class (categories or types), by property and by individual.

Examples

• Preferences Example
• Not-Interest-In Example
• Scientific Research Interests Example
• Music Preferences Example
• Cognitive Patterns Example
• UMIRL Example
• Soccer Example

Preferences Example

This example is orginally taken from the first draft of the Weighted Interest Vocabulary and was tranformed to be conform with the current version of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology.

RDF/Turtle representation of a preferences example with characteristic dynamics modelling created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix foaf:   <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix cco:    <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
@prefix wo:     <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> .
@prefix days:   <http://ontologi.es/days#> .
@prefix tl:     <http://perl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> .
@prefix xsd:    <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:     <http://example.org/> .
@prefix event:  <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#> .
@prefix geo:    <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .
 
<http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/people/libby/rdfweb/webwho.xrdf#me>
   a foaf:Person ;
   foaf:name "Libby Miller" ;
   cco:interest <http://www.bbc.co.uk/5live#service> ;
   cco:interest <http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4#service> ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://www.bbc.co.uk/5live#service> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 3.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:characteristic_dynamics ex:Working ;
      cco:activity <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Listening>
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4#service> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      cco:overall_weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_scale 5.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:characteristic_dynamics ex:Working ;
      cco:activity <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Listening>
      ] .
 
ex:AScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 9.0 ;
   wo:step_size 1.0 .
 
ex:Working a cc:CharacteristicDynamics ;
   cco:appear_time [
      a days:WeekdayInterval ;
      tl:at "08:00:00"^^xsd:time ;
      tl:end "19:00:00"^^xsd:time 
      ] ;
   wo:weight_value 9.0 ;
   wo:scale ex:AScale ;
   event:place ex:MyWorkingPlace .
 
ex:MyWorkingPlace a geo:Point .

This example shows a part of a preference model of a person (here Libby Miller). It consists of two preferences, each is modeled as a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance, which are related to the person by using the property cco:habit. An interest itself consists here at least of a topic (cco:topic), a weight (wo:weight) and an characteristic dynamics description (cco:characteristic_dynamics) relation. Furthermore, in addition to the standard weight relation (wo:weight), which should reflect the current interest in a topic, the overall interest in a topic, can be related by using the property (cco:overall_weight) with a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance as subject.
The topics of the weights are both a BBC radio program. Every weight is modeled as a wo:Weight instance, which consists here of the weight value (wo:weight_value) and a link to a scale description (wo:scale). A wo:Scale instance describes the range (wo:min_weight and wo:max_weight) for the groups of weights, which are linked to it, and furthermore, the step size (wo:step_size), which is possible in this range.
cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instances can have different interest dynamics (cco:CharacteristicDynamics) relations. These are specific events (event:Event), which model temporal interest statistics. Besides the already known time period (days:WeekdayInterval), which is related by the property cco:appear_time, a temporal weight (related by wo:weight_value, because cco:CharacteristicDynamics is a sub class of wo:Weight) and can describe the temporal interest in a topic to a context, which is here additionally described by a spatial relation (event:place).
To sum up the example, the person Libby Miller prefers radio 4 over radio 5 when he is working at his working place (which is every weekday between 8am and 7pm).

Not-Interest-In Example

This example is orginally taken from the first draft of the Weighted Interest Vocabulary and was tranformed to be conform with the current version of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology.

RDF/Turtle representation of a not-interest-in example created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix foaf:  <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix cco:   <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
 
<http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/people/libby/rdfweb/webwho.xrdf#me>
   a foaf:Person;
   foaf:name "Libby Miller";
   cco:not_interested_in <http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_X_Factor_(UK)> .

This example describes a person (here Libby Miller), who is not interested in (cco:not_interest_in) a specific topic (here "The X-Factor").

Scientific Research Interests Example

This example is orginally taken from the E-foaf:interest Vocabulary Specification 0.2 and was tranformed to be conform with the current version of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology.

RDF/Turtle representation of a scientific research interests example created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix xsd:      <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix foaf:     <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix tl:       <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> .
@prefix dcterms:  <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix cco:      <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
@prefix wo:       <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> .
@prefix ex:       <http://example.org/> .
@prefix time:     <http://www.w3.org/2006/time#> .
 
ex:ASpecificContext a cco:CharacteristicDynamics ;
   dcterms:subject <http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/conf/cikm/AlonsoGB09> ;
   cco:appear_time [ 
      a time:UTInstant ;
      time:inXSDDateTime "2009-11-15T05:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime 
      ] .
 
<http://linkeddata.uriburner.com/describe/?url=http://tw.rpi.edu/wiki/Special:URIResolver/Ricardo_A._Baeza-2DYates>
   a foaf:Person ;
   foaf:topic_interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/World_Wide_Web> ;
   cco:habit ex:WebInterest ;
   foaf:name "Ricardo Baeza-Yates" .
 
ex:WebInterest a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
   cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/World_Wide_Web> ;
   cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
   cco:overall_weight [ 
      a wo:Weight ;
      wo:weight_value 65.0 ;
      wo:scale ex:AScale ;
      dcterms:modified "2009-12-22T23:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime
      ] ;
   cco:characteristic_dynamics ex:ASpecificContext ;
   cco:ultimative_duration [ 
      a tl:UTInterval ;
      tl:duration "P10Y"^^xsd:duration ;
      dcterms:modified "2010-01-10T03:15:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime
      ] ;
   cco:longest_duration [ 
      a tl:UTInterval ;
      tl:duration "P9Y"^^xsd:duration ;
      dcterms:modified "2010-01-17T05:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime
      ] ;
   wo:weight [ 
      a wo:Weight ;
      wo:weight_value 7.81 ;
      wo:scale ex:AnotherScale ;
      dcterms:modified "2010-01-17T13:30:00+08:00"^^xsd:dateTime
      ] .
 
ex:AScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 100 ;
   wo:step_size 5.0 .
 
ex:AnotherScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 10.0 ;
   wo:step_size 0.01 .

This example describes a person (here Ricardo Baeza-Yates), who is interested in (foaf:topic_interest) a specific topic (here "The World Wide Web"). This interest is described more in detail with help of a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance (ex:WebInterest). It has a current weight (wo:weight), a total weight (cco:overall_weight) and two attention durations - a ultimative duration (cco:ultimative_duratation) and a longest duration (cco:longest_duration). All these values can be timestamped, e.g. re. their date of modification (dcterms:modifified). A cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance (ex:ASpecificConcext) describes the appearing of this interest in a certain context (here a specific paper). To describe the different weightings, different scales can be associated to them.

Music Preferences Example

RDF/Turtle representation of a music preferences example created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix foaf:     <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix cco:      <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
@prefix wo:       <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> .
@prefix days:     <http://ontologi.es/days#> .
@prefix tl:       <http://perl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> .
@prefix xsd:      <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:       <http://example.org/> .
@prefix event:    <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#> .
@prefix dcterms:  <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
 
<http://foaf.me/zazi#me>
   a foaf:Person ;
   foaf:name "Bob Ferris" ;
   cco:interest <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/artist/20ff3303-4fe2-4a47-a1b6-291e26aa3438> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/artist/470a4ced-1323-4c91-8fd5-0bb3fb4c932a> ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/artist/20ff3303-4fe2-4a47-a1b6-291e26aa3438> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 3.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:appear_time [
         dc:title "working time" ;
         a days:WeekdayInterval ;
         tl:at "08:00:00"^^xsd:time ;
         tl:end "19:00:00"^^xsd:time ;
         dcterms:modified "2009-12-14T10:01:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/artist/470a4ced-1323-4c91-8fd5-0bb3fb4c932a> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale ;
         dcterms:modified "2010-06-18T09:34:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime 
         ] ;
      cco:overall_weight [
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 5.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale ;
         dcterms:modified "2010-07-02T22:20:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime
         ] ;
      cco:appear_time [
         dc:title "party time" ;
         a days:FridayInterval ;
         tl:at "23:00:00"^^xsd:time ;
         dcterms:modified "2010-03-21T18:40:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime 
         ] ;
      cco:characteristic_dynamics ex:TechnoParty ;
      cco:characteristic_dynamics ex:BigFan ;
      cco:ultimative_duration [ 
         a tl:UTInterval ;
         tl:duration "P13Y"^^xsd:duration ;
         dcterms:modified "2010-08-14T17:25:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime
         ] ;
      cco:longest_duration [ 
         a tl:UTInterval ;
         tl:duration "P5Y"^^xsd:duration ;
         tl:at "2001-02-02T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
         tl:end "2005-10-21T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
         dcterms:modified "2010-08-14T17:25:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:not_interested_in <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Schlager> ;
   cco:not_interested_in <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:German_folk_music> .
 
ex:AScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 9.0 ;
   wo:step_size 1.0 .
 
ex:TechnoParty a cco:CharacteristicDynamics ;
   cco:appear_time [
      a tl:UTInterval ;
      tl:at "2010-04-03T23:30:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
      tl:end "2010-04-04T05:30:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime
      ] ;
   wo:weight_value 9.0 ;
   wo:scale ex:AScale ;
   event:place <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tresor> ;
   dcterms:subject <http://www.residentadvisor.net/event.aspx?151690> .
 
ex:BigFan a cco:CharacteristicDynamics ;
   cco:appear_time [
      a tl:UTInterval ;
      tl:at "2001-02-02T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
      tl:end "2005-10-21T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime
      ] ;
   wo:weight_value 9.0 ;
   wo:scale ex:AScale .

This example describes a person (here Bob Ferris), who is interested (cco:interest) in some music artists (James Brown and Jeff Mills) and does not like (cco:not_interested_in) some music genres (Schlager and German Folk Music). Besides, the detailed interests descriptions (cco:CognitiveCharacteristic) with a characteristical common appear time (cco:appear_time), further characteristic dynamics (cco:CharacteristicDynamics) with separate weightings are added to them, e.g. a description of a specific Techno party (ex:TechnoParty), where Jeff Mills played, with a specific location (related by event:place), an event description (related by dcterms:subject), and a period of time, where Bob was a big fan of him (ex:BigFan).

Cognitive Patterns Example

RDF/Turtle representation of a cognitive patterns example created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix foaf:   <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix cco:    <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
@prefix wo:     <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> .
@prefix ex:     <http://example.org/> .
 
<http://foaf.me/zazi#me>
   a foaf:Person ;
   foaf:name "Bob Ferris" ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Knowledge_representation> ;
   cco:skill <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Ontology_(information_science)> ;
   cco:expertise <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Ontology> ;
   cco:belief <http://dbpedia-live.openlinksw.com/describe/?url=http://dbpedia.org/resource/Named_graph> ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Knowledge_representation> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 9.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:characteristic_dynamics [
      a cco:CharacteristicDynamics ;
      dcterms:subject <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Semantic_Web>
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Ontology_(information_science)> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:skill ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:activity <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Knowledge_engineering>
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Ontology> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:expertise ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 5.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia-live.openlinksw.com/describe/?url=http://dbpedia.org/resource/Named_graph> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:belief ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] .
 
ex:AScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 9.0 ;
   wo:step_size 1.0 .

This example shows a part of a cognitive pattern model of a person (here Bob Ferris). It consists of an example for each specific competence (cco:competence) property (cco:skill, cco:expertise and cco:belief) and an interest (cco:interest). Each topic of the interest, skill and expertise is a specific DBPedia category. The topic of the belief is represented by a DBPedia Live entry. Based on the SKOS organized taxonomy of the DBPedia categories, one can infer their contexts and will realized that all mentioned topics etc. are somehow related to each other.
At first, an upper category of dbpedia-cat:Semantic_Web and dbpedia-cat:Ontology_(information_science) is dbpedia-cat:Knowledge_representation, which is related by the property skos:broader. However, a further upper category of dbpedia-cat:Ontology_(information_science) is dbpedia-cat:Ontology. Finally, the entry dbpedia-live:Named_graph is tagged with dbpedia-cat:Semantic_Web and the entry dbpedia:Knowledge_engineering is tagged with dbpedia-cat:Ontology_(information_science).
So these relations can illustrate a coherence of cognitive patterns of a person. Thereby, the modelling of the cognitive characteristics descriptions (cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instances) of a person, especially weightings and characteristic dynamics can be described in the same manner. To summarize the description above one can say: Bob Ferris is interested in Knowledge Representation, has some expertise in Ontologies, some skills in handling (Knowledge Engineering) Ontologies in the topic of Information Science and a certain belief in the Named Graphs approach.

UMIRL Example

This example was originally modelled with help of UMIRL and is now recreated with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology.

RDF/Turtle representation of a part of an user profile example created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix foaf:      <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix cco:       <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
@prefix wo:        <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> .
@prefix days:      <http://ontologi.es/days#> .
@prefix tl:        <http://perl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#> .
@prefix xsd:       <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:        <http://example.org/> .
@prefix rdf:       <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs:      <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl:       <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix dc:        <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix cv:        <http://kaste.lv/~captsolo/semweb/resume/cv.rdfs#> .
@prefix cvbase:    <http://kaste.lv/~captsolo/semweb/resume/base.rdfs#> .
@prefix countries: <http://www.daml.org/2001/09/countries/countries.daml#> .
@prefix sim:       <http://purl.org/ontology/similarity/> .
@prefix ao:        <http://purl.org/ontology/ao/core#> .
 
ex:APerson
   a foaf:Person , cv:Person ;
   foaf:name "John White" ;
   foaf:birthday "1974-07-09"^^xsd:date ;
   foaf:gender "male" ;
   cv:hasCitizenship countries:US ;
   cco:skill <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Piano> ;
   cco:skill <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vocal> ;
   cco:expertise <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Music> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Classical_music> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Blues> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Pop_music> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Rock_music> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Beatles> ;
   cco:interest  <http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/resource/signal/8aefa373-2858-4643-b691-cad4ac7c971a> ;
   cco:interest ex:IdiosyncraticGenre1 ;
   cco:interest ex:IdiosyncraticGenre2 ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Piano> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:skill ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 6.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:activity <http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA>
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vocal> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:skill ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:activity <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Singing>
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Music> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:expertise ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 0.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Classical_music> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Blues> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 9.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Pop_music> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 5.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Rock_music> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 8.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic ex:IdiosyncraticGenre2 ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:appear_time [
         a days:WeekdayInterval ;
         dc:title "bedtime" ;
         tl:at "23:00:00"^^xsd:time 
         ] ;
      ] .
 
ex:ACV
   a cv:CV ;
   cv:aboutPerson ex:APerson ;
   cv:hasEducation [
      a cv:Education ;
      cv:degreeType cvbase:EduMaster 
      ] ;
   cv:hasWorkHistory ex:AWorkHistory .
 
ex:AWorkHistory
   a cv:WorkHistory ;
   cv:careerLevel cvbase:Student .
 
ex:tempo
   a rdf:Property , owl:DatatypeProperty ;
   rdfs:range xsd:string ;
   rdfs:subPropertyOf ao:context .
 
ex:IdiosyncraticGenre1
   a sim:Association ;
   dc:title "happy music" ;
   ao:genre <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Pop_music> ;
   ex:tempo "allegro" ;
   ao:mood "happy" .
 
ex:IdiosyncraticGenre2
   a sim:Association ;
   dc:title "romantic music" ;
   ex:tempo "largo" .
 
ex:AScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 9.0 ;
   wo:step_size 1.0 .

This example shows a part of an user profile as it can be taken from an user account of a personal music knowledge base. The user profile is from the person John White, who can play the piano and sing by having no education in music. Furthermore, he is interested in several music genres, the music artist Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the music group the Beatles, the music song "Yesterday" from the Beatles and some self-defined idiosyncratic music genres.
At the beginning, all cognitive patterns of this user are described by simple semantic relations, which are sub properties of cco:cognitive_characteristic. Thereby, the most of the topics of the cognitive characteristic relations are information resources from the information service DBPedia and one topic is a information resource from DBTune. Afterwards, some of these shortcut relations are described more in detail with help of cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instances.
Each of these cognitive characteristic descriptions is related to a weighting with a different weight value (related by wo:weight_value) and the same scale (related by wo:scale). Due to these weightings, we can conclude that John White can sing and play the piano quite good. However, he has no knowledge in musical foundations. Furthermore, a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance is associated with a topic (by cco:topic) of a shortcut relation and a property (by cco:characteristic) of such a relation. Besides these information some of them are also related with an activity (associated by cco:activity), which are information resources from OpenCyc (playing a musical instrument) or DBPedia (singing).
This user profile example includes especially detailed descriptions of John White's interest in specific music genres. Thereby, we can conclude (besides other things) that he is a big fan of Blues and Rock music and quite interested in romantic music (ex:IdiosyncraticGenre2). The last music genre is defined as music context, which he prefers weekdays (represented by days:WeekdayInterval) at "bedtime" (ca. 11 pm). This idiosyncratic genre is itself defined as a sim:Association instance, which is titled as "romantic music" and should be very slow (largo, associated by ex:tempo as sub property of ao:context).

Soccer Example

RDF/Turtle representation of a part of an user profile example with different cognitive characteristics of the same topic created with the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology (see also RDF and N3 for downloadable representations of this example):

@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix cco:  <http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#> .
@prefix wo:   <http://purl.org/ontology/wo/core#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://example.org/> .
 
ex:APerson
   a foaf:Person ;
   foaf:name "John Wayne" ;
   cco:skill <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Football_(soccer)> ;
   cco:expertise <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Football_(soccer)> ;
   cco:interest <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Football_(soccer)> ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Football_(soccer)> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:skill ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 6.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:activity <http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJRiEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA>
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Football_(soccer)> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:expertise ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 7.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      ] ;
   cco:habit [
      a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic ;
      cco:topic <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Football_(soccer)> ;
      cco:characteristic cco:interest ;
      wo:weight [ 
         a wo:Weight ;
         wo:weight_value 5.0 ;
         wo:scale ex:AScale 
         ] ;
      cco:activity <http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwO0J55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA>
      ] .
 
ex:AScale a wo:Scale ;
   wo:min_weight 0.0 ;
   wo:max_weight 9.0 ;
   wo:step_size 1.0 .

This user profile example above, with different cognitive characteristics of the same topic, represents the person John Wayne, who has tree different cognitive patterns - a skill (cco:skill), an expertise (cco:expertise) and an interest (cco:interest) - with the topic soccer. At the beginning, each semantic relation is modelled as shortcut relation. Afterwards, follow more detailed descriptions of these three cognitive characteristics, which are associated to John Wayne by using the property cco:habit. Each of these cco:CogntiveCharacteristic instances include, besides the basis information of the shortcut relations, also a weight description and two of them, furthermore, an activity relation (associated by cco:activity).
So that a reasoning engine is now not only able to automatically infer the knowledge from the shortcut relations now, but rather then also from the reification class instances. That means, one can conclude that John Wayne

• can play soccer quite moderate,
• has a quite good knowledge about the topic soccer and
• and is moderatly interested in watching soccer.

Such a modelling has the advantage that one can talk about one and the same topic, independently of the activities that are related to cognitive pattern descriptions of a person. This is possible, because activity, cognitive characteristic and topic have their own, separate dimension.
Due to the property reification definitions from here and the shortcut relation and property reification rules of the Property Reification Vocabulary (see here) one can clearly reason that the shortcut relations and reification class instances in the soccer example above are belonging semantically together (here pairwise).

Introduction: Cognitive Characteristics Ontology Basics

What's the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology for?

The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology includes two opportunities to model cognitive patterns. The first one is the representation of cognitive characteristics by using the semantic relation cco:cognitive_characteristic or better its more specialised sub properties (see graphic cco:cognitive_characteristic property as graph with relations) to associate the topics of the cognitive patterns to the users. The second opportunity is the property-oriented context reification of cco:cognitive_characteristic, cco:CognitiveCharacteristic, which is a general multiple purpose cognitive characteristic concept to describe cognitive patterns more in detail for a specific user or user group.
As one can see in graphic cco:CognitiveCharacteristic concept as graph with relations, the specialised sub properties of cco:cognitive_characteristic, the cognitive patterns, currently are

• interest (cco:interest), that means, a certain area of interest or preference, which is equivalent to foaf:topic_interest,
• compentence (cco:competence), that means, the compentence to (be able to) do or know something or
• setting (cco:setting), often regarding a specific environment, e.g. an application.

One can also refine the semantic relation of a competence association by using the sub properties of cco:competence, which are currently:

• cco:skill: the ability or skill to (be able to) do something, e.g. to walk, to play the piano or to work in a team
• cco:expertise: the knowledge or expertise in a certain domain or a specific topic, e.g. football, programming languages or music
• cco:belief: an uncertain relation for competence representation, that means beliefs, persuasions or opinions, which can also be misconceptions

One can see the second opportunity to model cognitive patterns, cco:CognitiveCharacteristic in graphic cco:CognitiveCharacteristic concept as simplified graph with relations. This concept can be used to associate any foaf:Agent instance to (a) cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance(s) with help of the properties cco:habit and cco:agent. The topics of a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance are related to it by using the property cco:topic, so that a property chain of cco:habit and cco:topic will also direct to topics of a cognitive pattern of an user or user group. That means, a statement that is modelled with the simple semantic relation approach based on cco:cognitive_characteristic can also be represented by an instance of cco:CognitiveCharacteristic, which has a cco:agent or cco:habit, a cco:topic and a cco:characteristic relation. The last property in this row is used to associate the applied cognitive pattern relation (sub properties of cco:cognitive_characteristic).
Different statistics can be made on cognitive characteristics. These are currently:

• cco:overall_weight, which reflects the overall interest in a topic and should be different from the actual weight (associated by the property wo:weight) of a cognitive characteristic
• cco:longest_duration, which is the longest continuous interval of attention for a cognitive pattern, e.g. for an interest, if it appears in the following years: 1990, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, then the longest duration is 4 years
• cco:ultimative_duration, which is the overall duration of attention for a cognitive pattern, e.g. for an interest, if it appears in the following years: 1990, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, then the longest duration is 7 years

Besides these statistics, one can also associate a concrete activity (by using the property cco:activity), to differentiate e.g. between football playing (topic = football; activity = playing) and football watching (topic = football; activity = watching), and further statistical items (by using the property cco:statistical_item) to a cognitive pattern description, which is itself also a sub class of scovo:Item.
It is also important, to be able to describe dynamics of a cognitive characteristic. In the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology they can be described with help of the cco:CharacteristicDynamics concept, which is a sub class of wo:Weight, and can be related to a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic instance by using the property cco:characteristic_dynamics. Thereby, one can relate

• concrete appear times (time instants or intervals, by using the property cco:appear_time), when a cognitive pattern gets attention by someone, or
• an evidence description (by using the property cco:evidence), where this characteristic or dynamics was derived from.

to a cco:CognitiveCharacteristic or cco:characteristic_dynamics instance.
Due to the two modelling opportunities of cognitive pattern in the Cognotive Characteristics Ontology, there is a need for formal semantics to associate statements with a shortcut relation and instances of the reification class that belonging together or to infer such knowledge with a reasoning engine. The Property Reification Vocabulary fulfil these requirements. The property reification definitions for the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology are available via the namespace URI 'http://purl.org/ontology/cco/mappings#'. There is for each cognitive pattern property one propety reification definition (see Cognitive Characteristics Ontology - Property Reification Mappings).

Background

TODO

The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology and Standards

TODO

TODO

The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology Description

This specification serves as the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology "namespace document". As such it describes the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology and the terms (RDF classes and properties) that constitute it, so that Semantic Web applications can use those terms in a variety of RDF-compatible document formats and applications.

This document presents the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology as a Semantic Web vocabulary or Ontology. The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology is pretty simple, pragmatic and designed to allow simultaneous deployment and extension. The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology is intended for widescale use, but its authors make no commitments regarding its suitability for any particular purpose.

Evolution and Extension of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology

The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology is identified by the namespace URI 'http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#'. Revisions and extensions of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology are conducted through edits to this document, which by convention is accessible in the Web via the namespace URI. For practical and deployment reasons, note that we do not update the namespace URI as the vocabulary matures.

The evolution of the Cognitive Characteristics Ontology is best considered in terms of the stability of individual vocabulary terms, rather than the specification as a whole. As terms stabilise in usage and documentation, they progress through the categories 'unstable', 'testing' and 'stable'. Older terms are marked 'archaic' which allows the possibility of older forms to become modern again.